Grid: "A structure made up of horizontal and vertical lines and on it the designer places components such as headings, text, images, captions etc" (GIRWT).
Designers often use grids to create a page that allows the eyes to easily receive information by being able to place more than just columns of texts, but also titles, photographs, charts, illustrations. The grid benefits both the designer and the reader by guiding and organizing information in a way that 'makes sense.' Grids can help define composition, direction, and balance.
Modular Grid: It is like the normal grid, however the modular grid has gutters between each horizontal and vertical line which creates cells, or modules.
Margins: The space surrounding the context of the text.
Columns: Vertical columns on a page separated by a gutter or space.
Grid Modules: Consistently spaced vertically and horizontally division of cells. These components ensure ease of reading and presentation.
Flowlines: Horizontal lines that break space into horizontal bands.
Gutter: White space between the inner two margins of two facing pages. Also can be found where the book is binded on any page.
Hierarchy: Emphasis in typefaces by tweaking the size, plaecment, weight, and s p a c ing to express the importance in information.
Typographic Color: Lightness or darkness of the font of a block of text regarding the overall look of the content (the font size, space between letters, space between lines, and the font).
One way to achieve a clear hierarchy is by changing the font style. Another is by changing its color, size, or placement.
White space: Negative space; Space between elements in a composition.
Contrast: Compare in order to show unlikeness or differences;
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